Working with Federal Reserves Publications Essay

Working with Federal Reserves Publications - Essay Example In the past Central Bankers have traditionally been close-mouthed and the Federal Reserve was often reluctant to state publicly what its current policy directive is; what its idea about future monetary policy actions including its predictions in relation to general economic conditions or interest rates (Ehrmann et al 2007). Hence periodic or regular publications may provide some detailed analysis of monetary policies for the preceding moths or years but does not divulge any information details regarding current of future polices. The conventional or common practice of the Federal Reserve in keeping quiet about present and future monetary policies have change recently becoming more transparent such that after meetings the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) publicly relates monetary policy decisions and central bank forecasts, which also includes justifications for any changes that were or are made (Ehrmann et al 2007). The justifications include considerations taken that resulted to the decision over the changes done on the said monetary policies. The trend of the economy and financial markets generally rely on the monetary policy standpoint and balance-of-risks appraisal of the Federal Reserves or Central Bank’s public statements in connection to inflation and other forms of economic circumstances. The transparency adopted by the Federal reserve lessens market uncertainty with respect to any future monetary policy. However, the Federal Reserve has an option to change its perception and views after making a public announcement regarding its policies. But even with the data or information made available on prior and future monetary policies, a precise determination of the effects of such policies on the general economy and its financial markets can be hard to identify mainly due to other economic factors that can change overtime. 2. Explain the Federal Reserve’s current view about inflation Inflation usually occurs when there is an excess demand, when prices rise when total spending made by consumers, business firms and the government go beyond the value of the total amount produced within a given economy (Roberts 2006). In relation to this, changes in monetary policies as well as fiscal policies contribute greatly to the level of demand which is affected by government purchases, total consumption and investments made (Roberts 2006). However, this has no actual connection to the price level that is similar to the actual price of a single commodity; especially if all other changeable factors are constant like income (wages) and the prices of other goods. The collective price level normally indicates that all other prices are shifting as well. Therefore, incomes usually rise and fall with the level of prices because income is obtained from the price and quantity of goods sold (Roberts 2006). Issues regarding shifts or changes in the economy are quite complicated sine in real terms output in answer to demand cannot increase bey ond the full level of employment which triggers an increase in spending that can merely be attained at higher prices. This can be illustrated in the Philips curve where total demand can be slimmed down or increased in tandem with supply in order to attain full employment output with supply in order to attain full employment output with stable prices. Reality wise, demand is affected by difference in government spending and taxation (fiscal policy) or by the variation s in monetary factors that affects business investment spending. As a whole, it is difficult for the Federal Reser

Trying to "get tough" on gun crimes, especially through Essay

Trying to "get tough" on gun crimes, especially through mandatory prison sentences, will not reduce gun related crime - Essay Example In 2012 FBI statistics showed that a total of 8855 homicides were caused by firearms and from the total, 6371 were committed using handguns. On the contrary, 40% of the deaths were also attributed to gun related suicides. Last year, gun related violence accumulated to 16,829 (Webster and Jon 76). Usually the gun related violence is common in the poor-urban areas and is mostly linked with gang violence. Majority of the violence is frequently caused by the youths commonly attributed by the males. Several legislations have been instituted at the state, federal and the local level in an effort to prevent gun violence. Gun purchasing restrictions, law enforcement systems, prison sentencing, community-outreach and education programs are some of the many measures to prevent guns possession. Over the past decades the common prison sentencing has not yielded much in the prevention of gun related crimes. The crimes continue to happen even with frequent arrests of the criminals due to their easy acquisition of firearms. The main idea is to stop the gun possession at inception in order to prevent gun related crimes in the nation. Hence, among the strategies to be used will be the use of gun control mechanism to prevent crime (Webster and Jon 34). During the 19th century, firearms violence contributed a big part in the civil disorders for example the Haymarket riots. During this period, the gun related homicide rates in the cities were much lower than in the current times. Between the periods of 1980 and 1990, homicides caused by the use of handguns during this period increased significantly while the usage of other weapons declined proportionately. The firearms homicides were mostly associated with the unemployed male persons who had low incomes. The majority of the offenders include the youths and the African American US citizens where the deaths and injuries numbers tripled in the black

Underground Economy :: essays papers

Underground Economy The author of the article describe the illicit CD market that is taking place in Ukraine. He explains that 95% of the CDs shipped out the Ukraine are illicit, the producers of those CDs are not just burning low quality CDs, they are even producing their own polycarbonate discs with their own logos as a mark of quality. The International Federation of Phonographic Industry (IFPI), which is actively looking for pirates that counterfeit CDs, seems to be desperate regarding fighting piracy in Ukraine as the law are inadequate and the Ukrainians have little or no knowledge of intellectual property. Those Ukrainians producing illegal copies of CDs are involved in the Ukrainian and European underground economy as they are making profit out of an illegal activity. The author give the example of a copy of Microsoft Office XP CD which cost $ 2.20 in Kiev and the original copy cost $ 580.00 in the USA. Those huge differences in prices are diminishing the profit of companies selling their products on CDs and they are therefore paying less taxes to the government where they are operating. The author of the article conclude by saying that Ukrainian government doesn’t have the will to terminate the illegal copies of CDs as the manufacturer employ lobbyists that exploit the unstable political environment to derail any move from the government to terminate their activities. Furthermore it seems to be very difficult to stop the counterfeiting of CDs as they are on the market before the legitimate versions are released. The author compare the battle against piracy like the war on drugs, one of the similitude is probably the shadowy organized-crime customers that both activities have in common. I believe like the author that it is quite impossible for international companies to sue any of the CD counterfeiter if the Ukrainian government doesn’t take an active part in the banishment of those factories. I also don’t believe that it is the government number one matter of problem, as we know that it is a country that has been going through the communist year and just got out of it, and there are many other important issues that are challenging the country and its government. Underground Economy :: essays papers Underground Economy The author of the article describe the illicit CD market that is taking place in Ukraine. He explains that 95% of the CDs shipped out the Ukraine are illicit, the producers of those CDs are not just burning low quality CDs, they are even producing their own polycarbonate discs with their own logos as a mark of quality. The International Federation of Phonographic Industry (IFPI), which is actively looking for pirates that counterfeit CDs, seems to be desperate regarding fighting piracy in Ukraine as the law are inadequate and the Ukrainians have little or no knowledge of intellectual property. Those Ukrainians producing illegal copies of CDs are involved in the Ukrainian and European underground economy as they are making profit out of an illegal activity. The author give the example of a copy of Microsoft Office XP CD which cost $ 2.20 in Kiev and the original copy cost $ 580.00 in the USA. Those huge differences in prices are diminishing the profit of companies selling their products on CDs and they are therefore paying less taxes to the government where they are operating. The author of the article conclude by saying that Ukrainian government doesn’t have the will to terminate the illegal copies of CDs as the manufacturer employ lobbyists that exploit the unstable political environment to derail any move from the government to terminate their activities. Furthermore it seems to be very difficult to stop the counterfeiting of CDs as they are on the market before the legitimate versions are released. The author compare the battle against piracy like the war on drugs, one of the similitude is probably the shadowy organized-crime customers that both activities have in common. I believe like the author that it is quite impossible for international companies to sue any of the CD counterfeiter if the Ukrainian government doesn’t take an active part in the banishment of those factories. I also don’t believe that it is the government number one matter of problem, as we know that it is a country that has been going through the communist year and just got out of it, and there are many other important issues that are challenging the country and its government.

An analysis of the current activities of Cherwell District Council’s Environmental Services Department Essay

1.0 Background Cherwell District Council’s Environmental Services Department is made up of two sections (Environmental Services and Amenity Services), which deliver a wide range of diverse services (see Table 1). Table 1. Services offered by the Environmental Services Department. Environmental Services Amenity Services Food Safety/Health and Safety in businesses Waste Collection/Recycling Animal Welfare/Dog Warden Service Street Cleaning Pollution Control/Noise Nuisance Pest Control Service Health Promotion and Disability Issues Environmental Strategy/Agenda 21 This report looks at some of the services provided by the commercial team within environmental services who are responsible for food/health and safety law enforcement, infectious disease control, food/water sampling, licensing/registration, complaint investigation and offering information and training. 2.0 Introduction The majority of the activities of the commercial team are mandatory imposed on the Council by statute such as the Food Safety Act and the Health and Safety at Work etc Act. The section’s activities are also monitored through quarterly reports to the Chief Executive of the Council, the Food Standards Agency and The Health and Safety Executive. Despite the regulatory function of the section which is primarily the enforcement of the law, it none the less provides a service which is described as â€Å"the combination of outcomes and experiences delivered to and received by a customer† (Johnson & Clark, 2001 p9). Figure 1 lists some of the aspects of the service experience, which can be used when assessing the quality of the service provided. * the extent of personalisation of the process * the responsiveness of the service organisation * the flexibility of customer-facing staff * customer intimacy * the ease of access to service personnel or information systems * the extent to which the customer feels valued by the organisation * the courtesy

Effectiveness And Efficacy Of The Healthcare Organization

Regulations are established to expand the effectiveness and efficacy of the healthcare organization. One of biggest health care issue among the system is Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) violations. It was passed by the Congress in 1996. Mandating this rule serves several purposes to all individuals for privacy and security. This includes all information that is verbal, written, or electronic. The Privacy Rule is the protection health information (PHI) of a patient and it cannot be disclosed without patient’s written authorization (Schulman, 2005). The Security Rule is emphasized on administrative, technical and physical safeguards specifically for electronic protection health information from unapproved access (Schulman, 2005). It is to authorize the process of patient’s demographics, medical records, and doctor visits for any form of mail or electronic payment/ claims. The False Claim Act applies to physicians whereas it is unlawful to submi t claims for expenses to Medicare or Medicaid (Hyman, 2002). So it’s vital for doctors to acknowledge HIPAA on not losing their medical license. Also, it decreases the provision of health care fraud and abuse. Department of Justice and the U.S. attorneys enforced the federal criminal law (Hyman, 2002). In criminal cases, offense can go up to life imprisonment. Punishments are $100 per failure and cannot exceed $25,000 per year (Schulman, 2005). For civil, violators are fined for the statutory penalty andShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Telemedicine On Health, A Systematic Literature Review1530 Words   |  7 Pagesoutcomes, efficacy, patient and provider satisfaction. Telemedicine as an emerging field can greatly improve the outcomes of healthcare thus resulting in decrease the delivery cost of healthcare. 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Theme Of Red Convertible - 1581 Words

The Red Convertible In the â€Å"Red Convertible† by Louise Erdrich the theme is evident. Throughout the story he shows that situations in can have life altering effects. Erdrich takes the reader on a journey of two brothers whose names were Lyman and Henry. He covers us from the time they buy their first car, to the time of the death of Henry, the older brother. He uses a myriad of literary devices to bring the story across. Erdrich used the reservation as the setting because it foreshadows the loneliness that each character experiences. In addition, he uses the reservation to symbolize the hardship and loneliness of life in the Lyman and Henry. He uses the red convertible to symbolize the journey that each brother went through. In addition,†¦show more content†¦After the war he was silent, got distracted easily and was reserved. Erdrich describes that he was as quite, and was â€Å"never comfortable sitting still anywhere but he always up moving around. (pg 4)†. Lyman is very di straught at this change and would do anything to have his brother back. Therefore, he plans to mess up the car because of an earlier conversation with his family which expressed that the doctors could not cure him â€Å"they will just give them drugs (5).† This shows the lack of faith the Indians has in doctors. As a result, he destroyed the car he kept in tip top condition. Erdrich describes Lyman ruining the car, he â€Å"whacked it up, bent the pipe tail, ripped the muffler loose†¦I made it look as beat up as I could† (5). Fortunately, his plan workes. It took Henry over a month to find the car, but Lyman was okay with that because it was getting warm enough for Henry to start working on it. Lyman states that â€Å"Henry was better than he had been before† but that is an understatement. Even though, â€Å"he ate more slowly and didn’t jump around during a meal†¦ or look out the window (5)†, Lyman was unsatisfied with the results. He states â€Å"feeling down in the dumps about his brother, before the war they had always been henry and Lyman, but he was such a loner now. (6)† His very plan was crumbling before his eyes. No matter how hard Lyman tries he could not fully recover his long-lost brother. As a result, of his plan, one can assume that Lyman felt neglected.Show MoreRelatedTheme of the Red Convertible Essay611 Words   |  3 PagesTheme of The Red Convertible In The Red Convertible, LouiseErdrich uses the red convertible to symbolize the theme of change in two brothers relationship. The changes in the car parallel with the changes the brothers go through. As the car evolves, so does the relationship between Lyman and Henry. The two brothers have a close bond until Henry is sent off to war. Upon his arrival home, the changes in Henry and how he relates to his brother is apparent. As the short story opens, the brothersRead MoreTheme Of The Red Convertible In The Things They Carried744 Words   |  3 PagesBoth Erdrich’s, â€Å"The Red Convertible†, and OBriens, â€Å"The Things They Carried† reflect the effects of psychological trauma left by war; specifically, the Vietnam War. In Erdrich’s piece, she uses the red convertible as a metaphor for Henry. The fact that the two brothers purchased the convertible together is a serves to symbolize their bond. Yet, when Henry returns from his tenure as a soldier, his mental health has deteriorated into an apparently depressive state. I believe that Lyman’s act ofRead MoreTheme of Brotherly Love in Sonny’s Blues’ and The Red Convertible727 Words   |  3 PagesTheme of Brotherly Love INTRODUCTION Humanity experiences and shares different types of love because of its social nature, love that is synonymous with affection exist between likeminded and behavioral beings; brotherly love exists between siblings born to one mother or father o a combination of both. Although this definition is subjective, brotherly love extends beyond ones kinship to include persons whom you share same beliefs and values in life, in religious circles brotherly love is shown toRead MoreSymbolism in the Red Convertible1272 Words   |  6 PagesOctober 1st, 2012 Symbolism in the Red Convertible In writing, authors use symbolism to relay a deeper meaning to what they actually write. This technique captures important elements and gives the reader an idea of the theme of the story without the author directly telling them. Louise Erdrich uses symbolism to help emphasize and reveal the themes and message of her stories. â€Å"The Red Convertible,† by Erdrich, is a story about brotherly love as the highest value between two brothers, Lyman and HenryRead MoreThe Red Convertible1631 Words   |  7 Pagesindividual an array of events followed by a variety of emotions and lasting event but it is not always as delightful as the ones that make a last impression. â€Å"The Red Convertible† is about the memorable moments that the Lamartine brothers share together based on their pride for their red convertible. The shared love for the red convertible inspired the lasting memories for the Lamartine brothers; However, precisely like life, the memories were sewn into the broth er’s hearts and life continues. HenryRead MoreThe Red Convertible By Louise Erdrich931 Words   |  4 Pages In the short story â€Å"The Red Convertible,† by Louise Erdrich, there are multiple literary devices used throughout. However, Erdrich most commonly utilizes theme and symbolism. She uses certain themes throughout most of her work, as noted by Keri L. Overall in a literary analysis. â€Å"Indeed, the themes of Erdrich’s stories range from the effects of war on families and personal identity to loss of heritage and family and personal relationships.† Erdrich also employs the use of symbolism in this storyRead MoreSymbolism in the Red Convertible Essay643 Words   |  3 PagesSymbolism of the Color Red in the Red Convertible The Red Convertible by Louise Erdrich is more than an emotional story about the lives of two brothers who grew up together on an Indian reservation. She uses a writing style that allows the reader to understand the text, while providing the opportunity to read into the story. Erdrich uses metaphors, symbols, imagery to describe and define the brothers Henry and Lyman’s relationship. The two brothers purchased the red convertible together. The purchaseRead More The Red Convertible Essay examples1179 Words   |  5 PagesThe Red Convertible Vanished Brotherhood In the short story â€Å"The Red Convertible† you will find some important elements that are integral to the support and development of the theme brotherhood. First, you will see how the road trip gives a lesson in the story. Second, you will discover how the war affected the relationship of Lyman and Henry. Finally, you will understand the symbolism of the red convertible and the link it has between both brothers. One important element that has a powerfulRead MoreEssay on Compare and Contrast of Two Stories.919 Words   |  4 PagesYuhas English - 6 6 May, 2013 ‘An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge’ and ‘The Red Convertible’ ‘An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge’ by Ambrose Bierce and ‘The Red Convertible’ by Louise Erdrich both recount sorrowful tales of men during times of war. The stories differ in that ‘An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge’ is a story written in reverse, where the readers do not truly know the plot until the end- whereas ‘The Red Convertible’ is just a man recounting the story of his long lost brother. However despiteRead MoreAn Analysis Of Louise Erdrich s The Red Convertible 840 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant than the characters of the story. In Louise Erdrich s The Red Convertible, the car played the same important role as the characters did, but for different reasons. Two brothers, Lyman and Henry, had very little in common other than their blood. One day they decided to catch a ride to Winnipeg. The car was introduced while these two were doing some sightseeing in the city. They spotted the red Oldsmobile convertible. Lyman, the storyteller, almost made the car a living thing when he said

Rederick Douglass Once Said “The Thing Worse Than Rebellion

rederick Douglass once said â€Å"The thing worse than rebellion is the thing that causes rebellion.† This quote was in regards to the slavery and oppression plaguing America in the 18th and 19th century. Rebellion is an act of violent or nonviolent disobedience that typically occurs as a result of being treated unfairly or inhumanly. So, what makes a rebellion effective when protesting against slavery? An effective slave rebellion would be one that improves social equality from previous social situations in which all peoples would be considered equal to one another without producing too many negative factors such as deaths. During the 17th and 18th century there were three groups that led slavery rebellions which were called â€Å"The New York†¦show more content†¦As a result of this, Mary Burton, a servant of John Hughson, was brought into the court and she told Judge Daniel Horsmanden that John Hughson held a meeting with slaves in which they discussed burning dow n all of Manhattan apart from the women which they would take as wives. For this plan to be executed, all of Hughson’s group just needed to know how to set a fire, run away and not get caught at the scene. Many others who claimed to have witnessed slaves fleeing the scenes of arson came forward with accusations. Because so few people were found guilty of setting the fires, officials forced the accused to give up names of the guilty in exchange for less harsh punishments in which case the accused would often lie and give names of truly innocent people that had nothing to do with the fires. This led over 200 people to become arrested and tried by Judge Horsmanden which stopped the fires; therefore, the actions of Judge Horsmanden, Mary Burton and the witnesses that came forward saved New York from burning down. Looking back at facts, this form of violent rebellion was not as effective as it intended to be. The supposed goal was to take over the New York government and burn down the area of Manhattan. John Hughson and his assemblage of many slaves did not accomplish any of their goals. They did more bad than good by having people hanged, thrown in confinement and banished. As a result of the trial on May 11th, about 30 slaves and four Caucasians were executed