Will My Life Insurance Pay Out

Will My Life Insurance Pay Out Will My Life Insurance Pay Out? Will My Life Insurance Pay Out?Be prepared for when being prepared isn’t prepared enough.Thinking about your eventual death or the death of a loved one is not particularly fun, to say the least. But if you are a regular reader of the OppLoans Blog, you probably know making end-of-life plans early on can save you and your loved ones from extra heartache once the inevitable happens.One wise consideration to help prevent financial catastrophe â€" such as unexpected debt or personal loans â€" after the death of a family member is life insurance.On a basic level, a life insurance policy is taken out on a specific person and pays out upon their death. In exchange for regular premium payments during the individual’s life, a preset amount of money will be paid out from the insurance company to the designated beneficiary or beneficiaries. It can make a massive difference when it comes to costs associated with burial and medical debt, especially if the deceased was a primary earner.Unfortu nately, there are instances in which a life insurance policy may not pay out. It is important to familiarize yourself with those instances so you can minimize the odds of an unpleasant surprise at the worst possible time.Less cause for alarmFirst let us offer some good news after the initial gloom. While spending hours on the phone with an insurance representative shortly after losing someone you love would certainly be a nightmare, it is not as likely to happen as you might fear.“We have done a lot of research into this topic, analyzing schedule F of a company’s statutory statements where they must report how many claims are resisted each year,” says John Holloway, licensed life insurance agent and co-founder of the digital life insurance brokerage NoExam.com. “After reviewing the schedule F report for many of the largest life insurance companies, there are surprisingly few claims that are resisted.”Be honestWhen life insurance companies do resist paying out, the cause ci ted will often be misrepresentation by the policyholder.“One of the easiest ways for life insurance to not pay out to your beneficiary is if you were not 100% honest when answering the health questions on your application,” warns Matt Schmidt, CEO of Burial Insurance Pro. “If you pass away in the first two years of a policy, companies will contest the death benefit, and further investigate your health. In the event the insurance carrier discovers a material misrepresentation, they may refuse to pay the death benefit.There are a wide range of health questions you will be required to answer when you are applying for life insurance coverage. It may seem personal, but by being honest, you will lower your chance of issues down the line.“If you lied on your application, withheld important medical or health information, or intentionally provided inaccurate health or medical information, then this would be considered fraud,” explains Randy VanderVaate, owner and CEO of Funeral Fun ds. “Fraud can include not including past or current medications, smoking or nicotine use, dangerous hobbies, or current medical conditions on your life insurance application.”Noncovered cause of deathThere are multiple kinds of death that will let the insurance company off the hook. You will have to read through your specific policy to familiarize yourself with all of the particulars.“Some policies cover only some kinds of death,” says Kathryn Casna, a life insurance specialist with TermLife2Go. “Accidental death and dismemberment, for example, covers you only if you have an accident. If you die of cancer or heart disease, your beneficiaries will not receive the death benefit payout. If you want coverage for those causes, you will need to buy another policy.” Suicide or murder by a beneficiary may also void life insurance policies.Wait timesMany policies will not kick in immediately. It is vital to know if this is the case with your policy before you sign up for it.“S ome life insurance policies will have a waiting period whereby the contract specifically states that the insurance company will not pay out the death benefit for any nonaccidental death during this time,” says Anthony Martin, CEO and owner of Choice Mutual. “In general, a waiting period will last two to three years if there is one. For example, all guaranteed acceptance life insurance plans from any company will have a waiting period. Those policies have no health or lifestyle underwriting, so the issuing insurance company knows nothing about the health of the applicant. They have to impose a waiting period on those plans to prevent people on hospice care from buying them and collecting a big check within a few months.”Remember your paymentsFinally, the most obvious reason life insurance may not give you money is because you stopped giving money to them.“If you do not pay the premiums on a policy and the contract becomes inactive, then the policy will not pay,” Martin clar ifies. “You could have a policy for 20 years and never miss a payment. Then if you miss a payment and pass the carrier’s defined grace period, the policy will become inactive. If you passed away at this point, the carrier would not pay out the life insurance claim.”No one wants to dwell on death. But dwelling on the specifics of insurance contracts and law after a death is not any fun either. Do your best to plan ahead as best as possible.ContributorsKathryn Casna is a life insurance specialist with TermLife2Go.com.John Holloway is a licensed life insurance agent and co-founder of the digital life insurance brokerage NoExam.com. He co-founded NoExam.com in 2013 with the goal of simplifying the life insurance buying process.Anthony Martin is the founder and CEO of Choice Mutual, which is an online life insurance agency specializing in final expense insurance. He has been a licensed agent for almost 10 years and has personally placed more than   5000 policies in his career. Foll ow him @choice_mutual.Matt Schmidt  is a  burial insurance advisor, who helps families across the country obtain affordable burial insurance policies. These specific end-of-life policies help families cover funeral costs and other final expenses.Randy  VanderVaate is   president and owner of Funeral Funds based out of Dallas, Texas. Licensed in all 50 states, Funeral Funds specializes in affordable burial insurance, final expense insurance, and life insurance for people ages 50-85. His goal is to eliminate the financial burden that a funeral, cremation, or other final expenses place on family members after the death of a loved one. VanderVaate can be reached at  www.funeralfunds.com.

The Policies Of Eisenhower s Vietnam And John F. Policy

Many historians viewed Kennedy as a young, naà ¯ve president who lacked a clear policy but the counter argument is that Kennedy was decisive and assertive. In order to judge whether John F. Kennedy lacked a clear policy in Vietnam we have to compare the policies of Dwight Eisenhower’s in Vietnam and John F. Kennedys policies and how it contradicted with their ideologies. DWIGHT EISENHOWERS FOREIGN POLICY VS. JOHN F. KENNEDYS FOREIGN POLICY The view by some historians is that The Dwight Eisenhower foreign policy was popularly known as the â€Å"New Look†. This policy aimed to maintain the American financial economy while Eisenhower was planning the Cold war and continue the containment of communism regime. Also, the â€Å"New look† policy relied heavily on nuclear weapons to stop communism. Therefore the policy was been assessed as being suppressing, rigid, and too dependent on brinkmanship (trying to achieve an outcome by pushing dangerous events to the brink) and massive retaliation (also known as a massive response, this is a military doctrine and nuclear strategy in which a state commits itself to retaliate in much greater force in the event of an attack). Arguably, his foreign policy stressed peace greatly, but it also threatened war (brinkmanship and massive retaliation). The Kennedy administration foreign policies were less rigid and had an ideological approach. His policies displayed and promoted ‘Liberalism, Diplomacy and Military action’. His Foreign policies were popularlyShow MoreRelatedTruman Doctrine1575 Words   |  7 Pageshappens for a specific reason and therefore everything has its own time and place. One significant event in United States history had been the Vietnam War. However, the Vietnam War that I speak of didnà #9472;#8805;t last from the mid 1960à #9472;#8805;s to early 1970à #9472;#8805;s. Rather, the events that had lead up to the proceedings of the situation in Vietnam began on March 12, 1947 with the creation of the Truman Doctrine. Proceeding World War II, the threat of communism had been particularlyRead MoreThe War Of The Civil Rights Movement1476 Words   |  6 Pagesprotest, the war in Vietnam, the fight for civil rights, and JFK. Then came the 1970s and it was known as the time of peace and love, equality for all, the ongoing war in Vietnam, and Nixon. Each decade after one another affected the next with foreign policy, domestic policy, politics, political leadership, the economy, and the social terms of each decade. In 1945-1953, Harry Truman was in office and his foreign policy philosophy was containment. Some main events of foreign policy while he was inRead MoreContainment Strategies During The Cold War1084 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Cultures 10 27 February 2017 Containment Strategies in the Cold War During the Cold War, communism was spreading.   The three presidents Truman, Eisenhower, and Kennedy needed a way to stop it from spreading.   All Three turned to the idea of containment.   Ayers, et al. defines containment as a Policy by George F. Kennan, that started in the late 1940’s and was created to stop the spread of communism by providing economic aid, and military aid to countries opposing the Soviets.   All three cold warRead MoreContainment: The American Way1372 Words   |  6 Pagesdetermination to beat communism than the cause. This first appears with the Truman Doctrine, which set the precedent for America to assist anti-communist regimes around the world. After World War II and up until the early 1990’s the foreign policy of the United States was based on the policy of the containment of Cold War ideology and to prevent nations from turning towards Soviet-based communism. The fear of communism first emerged after the First Red Scare in the 1920s. The fear of extreme ideologiesRead MoreWhat Led The United States Into The Vietnam War?1449 Words   |  6 PagesReilly Fletcher HUS History Mr. Hlavacek 5/30/16 What Led the United States to Enter the Vietnam War? The United States played a very crucial role in the conflict that occurred in Southeast Asia between the U.S.-backed democratic South Vietnam, and Soviet-backed communist North Vietnam. Following the defeat of its French administration in 1954, North Vietnam, led by Communist leader Ho Chi Minh, wanted to reunify the country with the help of its rebel allies in the south, known as the Viet CongRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1592 Words   |  7 PagesThe Vietnam War was said to be one of the most significant wars in the twentieth century. This war took place from November 1, 1955 to April 30, 1975. It was at the time, the longest war in American history. Much of the conflict was centered in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. During that time, approximately 58,219 US troops were killed in action. The reason America got involved in the Vietnam War was to stop the spread of communism in South East Asia and beyond. â€Å"America’s involvement in Vietnam derivedRead MoreThe 70s Are Not Totally Happy `` Days1667 Words   |  7 PagesRegardless, the approach of the 1950s as days were happily lived. Perhaps when measured against the Great Depression of the 1930s, the world war of the 1940s, the warfare of the 1960s, and the despair of the 1970s, the 1950s were indeed fabulous. Dwight Eisenhower was a president, he was also known as Ike. Ike was a famous war hero of this 1950s era. Nicknamed as he walked a middle road between two major parties. This was a technique, called Modern Republicanism. This strategy restrained Democrats from expandingRead MorePresidential Doctrines Essay1051 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: PRESIDENTIAL DOCTRINES Presidential Doctrines: President Kennedy and the Communist Expansion Abstract The Kennedy Doctrine was essentially an expansion of the foreign policy of the previous administrations of Dwight D. Eisenhower and Harry S. Truman, The Eisenhower doctrine focused providing both military and economic assistance to nations resisting communism and increasing trade from the U.S. to Latin America and the Truman doctrine focused on containment of communism by providingRead MoreThe U.S. Contained Communism in Vietnam1552 Words   |  7 Pagesthroughout the world. Vietnam was one of the many countries under the threat of Communism. At this time, Vietnam was a French Colony. As time went on tension started to come between the French and the Vietnamese people. As tension increased so did the fighting between the French and The Vietnamese. Finally in 1954, The French decided that they could no longer withstand the revolts of the Vietnamese. The Vietnamese were now free of French rule. However, many problems still remained in Vietnam. After the warRead MoreWhy Did The Cold Wa r Start And How Did It Develop Over Its First Three Decades?841 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States throughout the Cold War. Kenna believed that if the United States stood firm on their resistance to Soviet expansion that it would eventually compel Moscow to adopt more peaceful policies. In 1946, in his famous â€Å"Long Telegram,† the diplomat George Kennan (1904-2005) explained this policy: The Soviet Union, he wrote, was â€Å"a political force committed fanatically to the belief that with the U.S. there can be no permanent modus vivendi [agreement between parties that disagree]†; as a

Autocratic Leadership Authoritarian Leadership - 1362 Words

Autocratic leadership can manifest in different ways. It is therefore not completely rigid and different situations can influence how the organisation and the leader implement the style. The three manifestations are: †¢ Directing autocratic leadership †¢ Permissive autocratic leadership †¢ Paternalistic autocratic leadership These three, while still showcasing the core characteristics of autocratic style, tend to use slightly different ways of approaching the flexibility within the decision-making process. The different varieties are explained in the following chart: Directing Permissive Paternalistic The most common and the most rigid form of the basic autocratic leadership style. Subordinates are closely monitored and the leader is unlikely to consult subordinates in terms of decisions. A slightly more open autocratic leadership. While the leader is in charge of making the final decision, subordinates enjoy some flexibility in deciding themselves how to perform tasks. Uses the core characteristics of autocratic leadership, but balances them with concern over the wellbeing and happiness of the subordinates. In terms of examples from the real world, the directing autocratic leadership is evident in environments such as the military. These situations require a relatively rigid leadership style in which the subordinates are monitored to ensure no mistakes are made at any point of completing the tasks. On the other hand, permissive autocratic leadership can benefitShow MoreRelatedAutocratic Leadership : Authoritarian Leadership911 Words   |  4 PagesAutocratic Autocratic leadership describes the leadership style as the individual having absolute power within the group without input from other work colleagues (Craven 2014). This style of leadership, the autocratic leader makes the decisions and takes responsibility for the achievements of the organisation. 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In 1939, a group of researchers led by psychologist Kurt Lewin decided to identify the different types of leadership styles that exist in the modern world. This earlyRead MoreLeadership Styles Of Captain William Bligh1076 Words   |  5 PagesCompare and Contrast the Leadership Styles of Captain William Bligh verses Lieutenant Fletcher Christian. The topic of leadership evokes curiosity about our leaders and their approaches in decision making, leadership styles and the effectiveness of their leadership. At time leaders are critiqued for their actions or views on different business affairs. In today’s working environment leaders set the tone, vision, and goals of any organization. Leadership has a huge impact on the culture of an organizationRead MoreIlm Level 4 Award 3.101477 Words   |  6 PagesIdentify factors that will influence your choice of leadership styles and explain why your leadership styles are likely to positively affect your team. Before we look at what leadership styles there are it is important to define what the difference is between management and leadership. The biggest difference between managers and leaders is the way they motivate people to follow them. Managers have a position within the organisation, their teams work for them to complete tasks and in turn manageRead MoreLeadership Styles Of Captain William Bligh1075 Words   |  5 Pages Compare and Contrast the Leadership Styles of Captain William Bligh verses Lieutenant Fletcher Christian. The topic of leadership evokes curiosity about our leaders and their approaches in decision making, leadership styles and the effectiveness of their leadership. At time leaders are critiqued for their actions or views on different business affairs. In today’s working environment leaders set the tone, vision, and goals of any organization. Leadership has a huge impact on the culture of an organizationRead MoreAutocratic Leadership Style. Introduction. 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On the other hand, ineffective leadership, which lacks impartiality, can be a great risk factor for groupthink; a phenomenon refers to poor decision processRead MoreTransformational And Authoritarian Leadership Style1691 Words   |  7 Pages Transformational or Authoritarian Leadership Style Pamela Walsh Leadership Dr. Maureen Nixon March 9, 2015 Transformational or Authoritarian Leadership Style Over the course of several decades, the depiction of leadership has changed. What was thought to be innovative and participative or transformational tactic to leadership has replaced the classical and autocratic or authoritarian approach. The step forward that not everything old is bad and not everything new is good was

Pursuit of Happiness Movie Review Free Essays

The Pursuit Of Happyness In today’s society, people spend their whole life searching for happiness. Millions of people today in America still have belief in the â€Å"American Dream† myth. The â€Å"American Dream† gives a person the right of life, liberty and pursuit of happiness. We will write a custom essay sample on Pursuit of Happiness Movie Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now Happiness can only be found once a person achieves the American Dream through hard work, determination, and persistence. The movie ‘The Pursuit Of Happyness’ asserts the American Dream myth through the life of Chris Gardener that every man can achieve what one wants in life if he or she is ready to struggle for it. Chris Gardener is a salesman who is unable to meet his ends, but still dreams of being financially free and happy one day. The first scene in the movie creates the characteristics that are required for a man to be able to conquer the American Dream. One of the characteristics being: Hard work. The first sequence in the movie takes place in San Francisco where large numbers of people are walking to their jobs with happy faces with happy background music. Chris is shown as a person who looks up to them and relinquishes the happiness in their faces. Chris sells Bone Density scanners to make a living, a medical instrument that does not sell easily. He is portrayed as a hardworking, unfortunate, browbeaten human who dreams of being able achieve the American Dream. He also has problems with the police and IRS for parking tickets and tax respectively. To be able to meet ends, he works hard and goes to multiple hospitals to sell the scanners and earn money. As we all know, everyone needs these qualities to be able to achieve something in life. Thus this portrays the idea that if you are like Chris you also will be able to achieve the American Dream. This is an example of logos since it uses the idea that no result will come without hard work to depict an image that ones who do not struggle with not get anywhere in life and ones who will. The only way people are able to achieve anything in today’s world is by hard word, this is mainly due to enormous competition. May it be a student or an executive, everyone these days are expected to work to their fullest to be able attain their dreams in life. Another characteristic that is portrayed in the movie is that of attitude, various attitudes towards dealing with things in life will always give you a different result at the end. An example of this is witnessed in the next scene of the movie that consists of a conversation between Chris and his wife Linda about how they are going to manage their financial problems. This scene portrays the attitude by which one must approach a goal with. Chris tells her that he is planning of joining an internship program as a stockbroker at Dean Witter, such that he would be able to take care of the family. Linda on the other hand scorns him and makes a sarcastic comment such as, â€Å"Stockbroker why not an astronaut†. Chris has a positive attitude to how he is going to manage their ends, whereas Linda on the other hand has a very negative approach to matters in life and has given up all hopes they will be able to fix their problems. The background has no music to provide an element of anticipation for the viewers. The use of pathos is noticed since it displays contrasting attitudes of a Dreamer and a Failure in life. The result for being positive is witnessed at the end when Chris is able to get the job and lead a happy life whereas, Linda on the other hand leaves to New York and never seen again. Since Chris is portrayed as the Dreamer it shows the audience that one must always look at things with a positive attitude to achieve the American Dream. People always agree that once you lose your willingness to reach something in life you will never be able to get it. Being able to face problems with a positive attitude is required to able to think clearly and correctly. Thinking clearly provides the Dreamer with clear thoughts and motivation that he is needed to be able to achieve his or her goal. Persistence has become a key element in people’s lives these days due to the large competition for each job opening. Even if one fails the first time, they must try again and again till one is successful in life. This can be seen later in the movie; Chris turns in his application personally to the head of recourses Mr. Jay Twistle. Once he had submitted his application he was persistent in trying to impress Mr. Jay such that he would be guaranteed a spot for the internship. To make sure he impresses Mr. Jay he shares a ride with him and tries to solve the Rubik’s cube which is thought to be impossible to solve. Due to his success in solving the cube Mr. Jay is impressed with his talents and is called in for an interview. Throughout this sequence Chris is once again displayed a person who will never give up. Just the night before his interview he was arrested but still does not give up. He does everything he can such that he can make the interview on time. This scene shows that every positive action towards a goal is stepping stone towards the achieving the American Dream. Since this is the start of his change in life the background music creates a joyful but surprise theme hinting that this man is going to succeed in life if he keeps up with these qualities. This provides an element of ethos since it explains the qualities needed for successfully achieving the American Dream through the life of Chris. In today’s world if one gives up pursuing what they want in their life it will never come, dreams are things that never come and fall in your hands; it constantly needs thoughtful advances made by the Dreamer. As seen in the movie Chris never gives up till he gets the job therefore portraying the amount of pursuing one must do to achieve something in life. It provides evidence that if one person is able to achieve the American Dream through persistence, then everyone who tries to achieve the American Dream will also be able to fulfill their dreams. Determination is one of the key elements behind any successful American Dream dreamer. Even though by this time he has lost wife and house he does not give up. To be able to survive during his internship he would work twice as hard as he used to. He would try to finish an 8 hour job in 6 hours, and sell the remaining scanners he had during that time for money. When he thought that he could start living peacefully since he was able to sell enough scanners to make a living, the IRS takes all his money for not paying taxes. He lives in community homes with his son but never gives up hope in his dream. At the end of the internship, he is called in by Mr. Frakesh to congratulate on his new job. This shows the amount of determination one must be willing to put forward. To be able to achieve such a huge dream one cannot relax until their dream is fulfilled. As seen from the movie every second is precious when one is dreaming, a perfect example is shown when Chris does a 8 hour job in 6 hours, this shows that one can never waste time when they are determined to accomplish something in life. With today’s growing competition for every job opening, people have to work harder and harder. Even a small hint of withdrawal from a hundred percent effort will lead one’s dream to vanish in no time. As seen in Chris’s life even though he had lost everything in his life he did not give up his efforts he put into his internship. This in turn allowed him to be successfully hired as a full time stockbroker. As the saying goes â€Å"There is always hard work and sweat in every success†. In conclusion, hard-work, persistence, and determination are the key elements that will help and guide a man who would like to live the American Dream. Even in today’s world people still believe in that efforts would pay off someday or another as they wish. These people are the great dreams whom still feel that the American Dream still exists and has not vanished just like Chris dreamt. So if anyone one of you have a dream then you should never give up, all you need to do is keep trying. How to cite Pursuit of Happiness Movie Review, Essay examples

Value and Fast Food Customers free essay sample

What situation did Skinner inherit when he became CEO? What are the current forces in the external environment that affect Skinner’s ongoing strategy? 2. What source of competitive advantage does McDonald’s have, and is that position supported by its value chain and other internal resources? -Inherit the previous CEO Cantalupo’s turnaround strategy. This strategy referred as the †Plan to win† tried to target various critical areas that needed to be addressed. -Rapid market fragmentation, which is describing the changes of consumer taste have made once-exotic foods like sushi and burritos everyday options. Many fast food customers are looking for healthier and better tasting food. Moreover, competitions has been coming from quick meals of all sorts that can be found in supermarkets, convenience stores and vending machines. Demographic customers now working around theclock, expecting 24 hour access  to fast food, how toplease range of customers from kids to  contractors? Sociocultural customers preferences have changed tomore exotic foods, healthier food with better taste Economic current economic downturn means customers might be trading down  to McDonald’s if  they ant to eat out Global boundaries are disappearing, travelers moreopen to global consistency in food offerings GoldenArches are accepted, and expected, everywhere 2. Cost leadership has been the traditional strategy for thefast- food industry, but McDonald’s kept costs under control in order to achieve parity with competitors -McDonald’s tried to develop a differentiationadvantagewhile keeping costs at a reasonable level -Differentiation requires the creation of something that isperceived industry-wide as unique and valued bycustomers -Differentiation s achieved by a firm configuring  its valuechain activities to support its position so customers arewilling to pay a premium for something unique – could McDonald’s do this effectively? Value-Chain  Analysis: -Sequential process of value-creating activities -The amount that buyers are willing  to pay forwhat a firm provides them -Value is measured by total revenue -Firm is profitable to  the extent the value itreceives exceeds the total costs involved increating its product or service Value  ChainActivity How does McDonald’s create value? Primary: Inbo und  logistics: Hard  to  assess Operations:   Strived  for  consistency  across  the  chain,  withdiffering results. Refurbishing of restaurants,change in hours may help draw customers. Outbound  logistics:   Hard  to  assess Marketing and sales: Many product innovations failed, $1 menu  didn’t go well with franchisees. I’m Loving It campaign was attempt to reach all customers. Service:   Hard  to  assess Value  ChainActivity How does McDonald’s create value? Secondary: Procurement:   Info  not  available  in  the  case Technology development: Adoption of expensive cooking processesfailed to generate desired results.

Ohalo II, the Upper Paleolithic Site on the Sea of Galilee

Ohalo II, the Upper Paleolithic Site on the Sea of Galilee Ohalo II is the name of a submerged late Upper Paleolithic (Kebaran) site located on the southwest shore of the Sea of Galilee (Lake Kinneret) in the Rift Valley of Israel. The site was discovered in 1989 when the level of the lake plummeted. The site is 9 kilometers (5.5 miles) south of the modern city of Tiberias. The site covers an area of 2,000 square meters (about a half an acre), and the remains are of an extremely well-preserved hunter-gatherer-fisher camp. The site is typical of Kebaran sites, containing the floors and wall bases of six oval brush huts, six open-air hearths  and a human grave. The site was occupied during the Last Glacial Maximum, and has an occupation date between 18,000-21,000 RCYBP, or between 22,500 and 23,500 cal BP. Animal and Plant Remains Ohalo II is remarkable in that  since it had been submerged, the preservation of organic materials was excellent, providing very rare evidence of food sources for late Upper Paleolithic/Epipaleolithic communities. Animals represented by bones in the faunal assemblage include fish, tortoise, birds, hare, fox, gazelle, and deer. Polished bone points and several enigmatic bone tools were recovered, as were tens of thousands of seeds and fruits representing almost 100 taxa from the living surface. Plants include an assortment of herbs, low shrubs, flowers, and grasses, including wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum), mallow (Malva parviflora), groundsel (Senecio glaucus), thistle (Silybum marianum(), Melilotus indicus and a slew of others too numerous to mention here. The flowers at Ohalo II represent the earliest known use of flowers by Anatomically Modern Humans. Some may have been used for medicinal purposes. The edible remains are dominated by seeds from small-grained grasses and wild cereals, although nuts, fruits, and legumes are also present. Ohalos collections include over 100,000 seeds, including the earliest identification of emmer wheats [Triticum dicoccoides or T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides (kà ¶rn.) Thell], in the form of several charred seeds. Other plants include wild almond (Amygdalus communis), wild olive (Olea europaea var sylvestris), wild pistachio (Pistacia atlantica), and wild grape (Vitis vinifera spp sylvestris). Three fragments of twisted and plied fibers were discovered at Ohalo; they are the oldest evidence of string-making discovered yet. Living at Ohalo II The floors of the six brush huts were oval in shape, with an area of between 5-12 square meters (54-130 square feet), and the entrance-way from at least two was from the east. The largest hut was built of tree branches (tamarisk and oak) and covered by grasses. The floors of the huts were shallowly excavated prior to their construction. All of the huts were burned. The working surface of a grinding stone found at the site was covered with barley starch grains, indicating that at least some of the plants were processed for food or medicine. Plants in evidence on the stones surface include wheat, barley, and oats. But the majority of the plants are believed to represent the brush used for housing. Flint, bone and wooden tools, basalt net sinkers, and hundreds of shell beads made from mollusks brought from the Mediterranean Sea were also identified. The single grave at Ohalo II is an adult male, who had a disabled hand and a penetrating wound to his rib cage. A bone tool found near the skull is a piece of gazelle long bone incised with parallel markings. Ohalo II was discovered in 1989 when lake levels dropped. Excavations organized by the Israeli Antiquities Authority have continued at the site when lake levels permit, led by Dani Nadel. Sources Allaby RG, Fuller DQ, and Brown TA. 2008. The genetic expectations of a protracted model for the origins of domesticated crops. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105(37):13982-13986. Kislev ME, Nadel D, and Carmi I. 1992. Epipalaeolithic (19,000 BP) cereal and fruit diet at Ohalo II, Sea of Galilee, Israel. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 73(1-4):161-166. Nadel D, Grinberg U, Boaretto E, and Werke E. 2006. Wooden objects from Ohalo II (23,000 cal BP), Jordan Valley, Israel. Journal of Human Evolution 50(6):644-662. Nadel D, Piperno DR, Holst I, Snir A, and Weiss E. 2012. New evidence for the processing of wild cereal grains at Ohalo II, a 23 000-year-old campsite on the shore of the Sea of Galilee, Israel . Antiquity 86(334):990-1003. Rosen AM, and Rivera-Collazo I. 2012. Climate change, adaptive cycles, and the persistence of foraging economies during the late Pleistocene/Holocene transition in the Levant. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109(10):3640-3645. Weiss E, Kislev ME, Simchoni O, Nadel D, and Tschauner H. 2008. Plant-food preparation area on an Upper Paleolithic brush hut floor at Ohalo II, Israel. Journal of Archaeological Science 35(8):2400-2414.

Top 3 Supreme Court Cases Involving Japanese Internment

Top 3 Supreme Court Cases Involving Japanese Internment During World War II, not only did some Japanese Americans refuse to relocate to internment camps, they also fought federal orders to do so in court. These men rightfully argued that the government depriving them of the right to walk outside at night and live in their own homes violated their civil liberties. After Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941, the U.S. government  forced more than 110,000 Japanese Americans into detention  camps, but Fred Korematsu, Minoru Yasui, and Gordon Hirabayashi  defied orders. For refusing to do what they’d been told, these courageous men were arrested and jailed. They eventually took their cases to the Supreme Court- and lost.​ Although the Supreme Court would rule in 1954 that the policy of â€Å"separate but equal† violated the Constitution, striking down Jim Crow in the South, it proved incredibly shortsighted in cases related to Japanese  American internment. As a result, Japanese Americans who argued before the high court that curfews and internment infringed upon their civil rights had to wait until the 1980s for vindication. Learn more about these men. Minoru Yasui v. the United States When Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, Minoru Yasui was no ordinary twenty-something. In fact, he had the distinction of being the first Japanese American lawyer admitted to the Oregon Bar. In 1940, he began working for the Consulate General of Japan in Chicago but promptly resigned after Pearl Harbor to return to his native Oregon. Shortly after Yasui’  arrived in Oregon, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 on Feb. 19, 1942. The order authorized the military to bar Japanese Americans from entering certain regions, to impose curfews on them and to relocate them to internment camps. Yasui deliberately defied the curfew. â€Å"It was my feeling and belief, then and now, that no military authority has the right to subject any United States citizen to any requirement that does not equally apply to all other U.S. citizens,† he explained in the book And Justice For All. For walking the streets past curfew, Yasui was arrested. During his trial at the U.S. District Court in Portland, the presiding judge acknowledged that the curfew order violated the law but decided that Yasui had forsaken his U.S. citizenship by working for the Japanese Consulate and learning the Japanese language. The judge sentenced him to a year in Oregon’s Multnomah County Jail. In 1943, Yasui’s case appeared before the U.S. Supreme Court, which ruled that Yasui was still a U.S. citizen and that the curfew he’d violated was valid. Yasui eventually ended up at an internment camp in Minidoka, Idaho, where he was released in 1944. Four decades would pass before Yasui was exonerated. In the meantime, he would fight for civil rights and engage in activism on behalf of the Japanese American community. Hirabayashi v. the United States Gordon Hirabayashi was a University of Washington student when President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066. He initially obeyed the order but  after cutting a study session short to avoid violating the curfew, he questioned why he was being singled out in a way  his white classmates were not. Because he considered the curfew to be a violation of his Fifth Amendment rights, Hirabayashi decided to intentionally flout it. â€Å"I was not one of those angry young rebels, looking for a cause,† he said in a 2000 Associated Press interview. â€Å"I was one of those trying to make some sense of this, trying to come up with an explanation.† For defying Executive Order 9066 by missing curfew and failing to report to an internment camp, Hirabayashi was arrested and convicted in 1942. He ended up jailed for two years and did not win his case when it appeared before the Supreme Court. The high court argued that the executive order was not discriminatory because it was a military necessity. Like Yasui, Hirabayashi would have to wait until the 1980s before he saw justice. Despite this blow, Hirabayashi spent the years after World War II getting a master’s degree and a doctorate in sociology from the University of Washington. He went on to a career in academia. Korematsu v. the United States Love motivated Fred Korematsu, a 23-year-old shipyard welder, to defy orders to report to an internment camp. He simply did not want to leave his Italian  American girlfriend and internment would have separated him from her. After his arrest in May 1942 and subsequent conviction for violating military orders, Korematsu fought his case all the way to the Supreme Court. The court, however, sided against him, arguing that race did not factor into the internment of Japanese Americans and that internment was a military necessity. Four decades later, the luck of Korematsu, Yasui, and Hirabayashi changed when legal historian Peter Irons stumbled upon evidence that government officials had withheld several documents from the Supreme Court stating that Japanese Americans posed no military threat to the United States. With this information in hand, Korematsu’s attorneys appeared in 1983 before the U.S. 9th Circuit Court in San Francisco, which vacated his conviction. Yasui’s conviction was overturned in 1984 and Hirabayashi’s conviction was  two years later. In 1988, Congress passed the Civil Liberties Act, which led to a formal government apology for internment and payment to of $20,000 to internment survivors. Yasui died in 1986, Korematsu in 2005 and Hirabayashi in 2012.